Seed Coating with Trichoderma harzianum T-22 of Italian Durum Wheat Increases Protection against Fusarium culmorum-Induced Crown Rot

Changes in root organization and colonization could be relevant for wheat’s (Triticum durum Desf.) response to F. culmorum-induced crown rot disease (FCR). We investigated the biocontrol biostimulant efficiency of seeds coated with T. harzianum T-22 (T-22) four tetraploid wheat seedlings (ancient Saragolle Lucana modern Creso, Simeto, Ciclope). In an vitro experiment, repressed culmorum mycelium growth by over 50% due probable combination competition nutrients, mycoparasitism, antibiosis. The seed germination rate was not significantly affected while decrease emergence attenuated presence T-22. Ultimately, improvement observed comparing treated control at 21 days after sowing. Inoculation resulted being 4.69 cm higher Ciclope Simeto had main roots that were 9.96 8.13 longer than control, respectively. Treated infected 3.75 14.45 little contemporary dense coiling T-22, like Lucana. Seed coating induced best performance regarding seedling ability pathogen (disease severity reduction (DDR) 20%). pathogenicity reduced all wheats, although it highly susceptible FCR. Ciclope, studied first time, showed a incidence from 100 ± 0.00% 56.67 9.13% 30% DDR. influenced seedlings’ FCR T-22’s different actions. This study provides new explanations diverse responses ancient mediated inoculation via coating.